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| SmartSurat # Hinduism | |
| Worship of the Mother Goddess |
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More numerous than male figurines and found throughout the whole Indus valley culture were an abundance of terracotta female figurines. While many may have been nothing at all to do with religion, the -exaggerated features characteristic of so many of them suggest that a female goddess was portrayed. In view of the emphasis on fertility indicated by other aspects of the Indus valley culture, and the proliferation of pregnancy in the female figurines, many are prepared to accept the concept of a Mother Goddess as a significant characteristic of the Harappan religion. There are some suggestions that the Proto-Dravidians as agriculturalists worshipped the Mother Goddesss as part of a fertility cult and other ancient Indian peoples such as the Zhob culture have yielded figurines suggestive of the same, so it would seem that the tradition of worship of the divine in female form is a very early phenomenon, sufficiently attested to assert with some justification that the Harappan civilization continued in the same kind of tradition. So many female figurines have been found that most homes must have had them and it is possible that the very popular, more crudely formed, female figurines were the deities of the home or of the lower classes, the better crafted ones being state orientated. Most of these figurines are naked, or nearly so, and have elaborate head-dresses. Excavations at Mehrgarh have been able to uncover a fairly continuous sequence in cultural change and the more elaborate the coiffure, the later the figurine, The earliest date back to the sixth or fifth millennia and are of unbaked clay and stick-like in character but, by the time of the Indus valley culture at about . the mid-third millennium, the figurines had become fairly sophisticated in style with the characteristic elaborately-coiled hair styles. This kind of evidence suggests a long tradition of worship, of the divine in female form, stretching well back before the time of the Indus valley civilization. Fertility was obviously an important issue in the religion of the people. One female figurine is upside down with a plant coming. out of the womb - an indication of the Mother Goddess as the genetrix and source of all vegetation. The idea is reminiscent of tantric Hinduism. For a culture based on agriculture a female divine principle would have been essential and reproductive energy. venerated. In later Hinduism, just as Siva is associated with the symbol of male sexuality, the linga, so female divinity is symbolized by the yoni, the female sex organ. It is possible that the ring-shaped images found throughout the Indus valley sites (except at Lothal) have some connection with the yoni symbolism, but the connection must remain speculative. The prevalence of female figurines in the home environment may suggest that worship of the Mother Goddess was something of a domestic phenomenon. Male deities, if such they were, seem, on the other hand, to have featured at all levels of culture. |